INTRODUCTION:

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is a public health problem as the disease is epidemic in both developed and developing countries¹. Knowledge of students regarding insulin administration could lead to better management of diabetes and eventually a good quality of life.

The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple etiological factors characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbance of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both².

TYPES OF INSULIN:

Fast acting insulin: It is absorbed quickly from fat tissue (subcutaneous) into the bloodstream. It is used to control the blood sugar during meals and snacks and to correct high blood sugar².

Rapid acting insulin analogs (Insulin aspart, insulin lyspro, insulin glulisine) which have an onset of action of 5 to 15 minutes, peak effect in 1 to 2 hrs and duration of action that lasts 46hrs.

Regular human insulin which has an onset of action of 1/2hr to 1hr, peak effect in 2 to 4 hr and duration of action of 6 to 8 hrs.

Intermediate acting insulin as the name suggest is absorbed more slowly in the body and the effect lasts longer. It is helpful in controlling the blood sugar levels overnight, while a person is fasting and inbetween the meals.

EX- NPH human insulin which has an onset of insulin effect of 1 to 2hr, a peak effect of 4 to 6 hrs and duration of action of more than 12 hrs.

Premixed insulin: which is NPH premixed with either regular human insulin or rapid acting insulin analogue.

Long-acting insulin: it is absorbed slowly, has a minimal peak effect and a stable plateau effect that lasts most of the day. It is helpful in controlling the blood sugar levels overnight, while a person is fasting and inbetween the meals.

ex- Insulin glargine, insulin: Detemir- which have onset of insulin effect in 1 to 2 hrs that lasts for 12 - 24 hrs in insulin detemir and 24hrs for insulin glargine.

NEED OF THE STUDY:

Insulin is considered to be a high-risk medication, and it has been noted that slight changes in blood levels leads to serious adverse effects or can even result in death of an individual. Error in administering drugs is one of the main causes of over and under- dosing and the recent introduction of concentrated insulins (CI) has increased the risk^6,8. A research study was conducted where a direct interview survey was done in a university hospital, survey was done in eight departments of medicine and surgery. Sixty- eight nurses and midwives were interviewed. 26% of the nurses has already come across a Concentrated Insulin prescription and only 51.5% of the nurses had correctly defined the notion of IU. In the study about 18% of the nursesgave a correct response to the practical use of a CI prescription. While 35% multiplied the dose by 2 and 24% divided it by 2. 60% indicated that they regularly use a U-100 graduated insulin syringe to withdraw insulin from the pen. The errors that happen during Insulin administration is due to the lack of knowledge among the nurses with regards to the true definition of the term international units. With the availability of concentrated Insulin in the market the administration errors have further increased. Incorrect administration of insulin can result in transient and serious hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia wide glycaemic excursions and ketoacidosis. It was assessed that insulin related knowledge and injection skills of a sample of adults with diabetes and found that error in self-administering insulin including choosing an incorrect insulin dose were common.^4,6

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

· To assess the pre-test knowledge regarding insulin administration among nursing students.

· To assess thepost-test level of knowledge regarding insulin administration among nursing students.

· To assess the on effectiveness of Video AssistedTeaching knowledge regarding insulin administration among nursing students.

· To find out the association between pre-test and post-test knowledge regarding insulin administration with their selected demographic variables.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Pre experimental research design was used for this study. A total of 60 students (30 B.Sc nursing 2^nd year and 30 General nursing and midwifery 2^nd year students)were selected through consecutive sampling technique. Prior to the collection of data the authorization was taken from the concerned authorities of the chosen institute.

The relevant data was gathered with the use of structured questionnaire prepared by theresearcher. Intervention was delivered to samples using video assisted teaching. The relevant information that was gathered was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS:

Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of pre-test knowledge score among BSc(N)2nd year and GNM 2 nd year students.

Knowledge	Pre-test		Mean Score	Standard Deviation
Knowledge	Frequency	Percentage	Mean Score	Standard Deviation
Inadequate	46	76.6%	15	1
adequate	14	23.4%

Initially pretest knowledge of BSc. (N)2nd year and GNM 2 nd year students was assessed, and it was found that 76.6% of students had inadequate knowledge while 23.2% had adequate knowledge regarding insulin administration. With a mean score of 15.

Table 2: Frequency and percentage distribution of post-test knowledge score among BSc(N) 2^nd year and GNM 2^nd students.

Knowledge	Post Test		Mean Score	Standard Deviation
Knowledge	Frequency	Percentage	Mean Score	Standard Deviation
Inadequate	17	28.4	30	3.80
Adequate	43	71.6

On assessment the post-test knowledge score among BSc. (N) 2^nd year and GNM 2^nd year students. 71.6% had adequate knowledge while 28.4% had inadequate knowledge respectively.

Table 3: Analysis of effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on the knowledge score of BSC(N) 2^nd year and GNM 2nd year students.

Description	Mean	Standard Deviation	Obtained T Value	Inference
Pre-test	11.95	3.15	0.41	1
Post Test	16.416	3.80	0.41	1

Table exhibits that pre-test mean +SD was 11.95+3.15 whereas post test mean +SD were 16.41+3.8. the obtained ‘t’ value was 0.41. at ‘p’<0.05 and the table value 1.67 since, the value obtained using ‘t’ test is less than the table value, statistic result establishes significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score.

CONCLUSION:

The following conclusion were drawn on the basis of study that 71.6% off the student nurses had adequate knowledge and 28.3% of them had inadequate knowledge this reveals that the knowledge of a participants regarding insulin administration wereincreased by video teaching programme.

REFERENCES:

1. American Diabetes Association. Insulin Administration Diabetes care, 2004; 2006; 27(sup.2); 106-9

2. American Diabetes Association (ADA). Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standard of Medical Care in Diabetes- 2020. Diabetes Care. 2020; 43: S37-S47. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-S004

3. Austin Midhula, Balasubramanian N, A Study to evaluate the video assisted teaching module (VATM) on care of dementia patients developed for B.Sc Nursing students in a selected college of nursing, Mangalore, . Asian J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2012; 2(3): 113-117.

4. Errors in the Administration technique of Insulin pen devices: A result of insufficient education, ink.springer.com/article/10.1007/ s13300-017-0242-y

5. Deshmukh S.M Mani UV Desai SA life style modifications on can troll of diabetes mellitus Int.J. Dev. Countries 2000; 20

6. Diabetes control and complication trial Research Group the effect of long-term complication in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engi J Med, 199; 329(14); 977-86

7. Diabetes UK (2013) diabetes prevalence. https://diabetes.org.ik/ professional/postion -statements-reports/statistics

8. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 157, Article ID:107843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843[01/06,Worldhealth organisation (who)(2016) global report of diabetes. World health organisation.geneva,50

9. Jasline M. A study to evaluate the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching on Knowledge regarding Breast Self Examination among School students at selected school in Madurai District. Asian J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2016; 6(1): 5-6.

10. Xavier Binu, A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Module regarding Central Venous Catheter Related Blood Stream Binu Infections and its Prevention on Knowledge of Staff Nurses Working in ICU. Asian J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2013; 3(2): 61-65.

Received on 11.10.2022 Modified on 15.01.2024

Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2024; 12(3):174-176.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2660.2024.00037