INTRODUCTION:

Mental health, according to the World Health Organization (WHO 2005), refers to a person's state of well-being where they are able to effectively cope with normal life stressors, realize their own abilities, work productively, and contribute to their community. During adolescence, individuals transition from relying on their parents to managing their own lives, making it crucial for young adults to have sound mental health. This is just as important as physical health, as it helps develop positive social and emotional skills and behaviors necessary for a healthy lifestyle. Some life events have influence on adolescents which may cause depressive symptoms.

Stress has a negative consequence on various aspects of quality of life. Understanding the source of stress provides opportunities for planning, intervention that could reduce the stressors. We searched for these reviews using PubMed and Google Scholar, utilizing specific keyword search engines.

REVIEWS RELATED TO ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH:

Kalaipriya Gunasekaran et.al (2022) conducted a quantitative research study to evaluate the mental health status of adolescents in Puducherry, India. The study utilized a sequential explanatory mixed-method design with a sample size of 329 adolescents. The tools used in the study included socio-demographic variables and the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ-Youth measure for children and adolescents). The findings revealed that the prevalence of mental health illness among adolescents was 25.5%, with 27.7% in urban areas and 23.3% in rural areas. The study concluded that one in four adolescents is at risk of mental illness.¹

Swikruti Behera et.al (2021) conducted a quantitative study to determine the prevalence of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression among students in professional colleges in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. The study involved a cross-sectional design and a sample size of 502 students. To measure psychological distress, Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale was used. The results showed that 34.7% of students had normal mental health status. The study also found that male students had a higher prevalence of mental abnormalities compared to female students. Additionally, nursing students had a significantly higher prevalence of depression and non-psychotic mental illness compared to dental, engineering, and medical students.²

Nithiyashri et al. (2022) conducted a quantitative research with the aim to assessing the correlation between educational stress and mental health among adolescents in selected schools in Puducherry. The study design utilized the correlational survey method with the convenience sampling technique, and the sample size consisted of 240 participants. The tools used in the study included socio-demographic variables, the Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA), and the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC_SF) Scale. The findings revealed that 56.3% of the adolescents experienced educational stress, and 69.2% had a moderate level of mental health. The study concluded that lower levels of educational stress were associated with better mental health.³

Cheng Guo et al. (2018) conducted a quantitative research study to determine the prevalence of positive mental health and its correlates among Chinese teenagers. The study design was a cross-sectional survey that used a cluster sampling technique to collect data from a sample size of 5, 399 participants. The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) scale was used as the tool for the study. The results showed that more than half (57.4%) of the participants had good mental health. The study concluded that the prevalence of positive mental health among Chinese adolescents was higher than what was reported in most previous studies.⁴

Dr. Rajani and Senad R (2018) conducted a quantitative research study to evaluate the emotional stability of male and female high school students. The study employed a descriptive survey design and used a stratified random sampling method to collect a sample size of 100 students, who were assessed using a mental health battery. The results of the study revealed that the mental health status of male and female high school students was 80.20% and 81.42%, respectively. The study concluded that males had higher emotional stability than females, while females had better overall adjustment and autonomy compared to males.⁵

Leilei Liang et.al (2020) conducted quantitative research with the objective of assessing the youth's mental health after the coronavirus (COVID-19). The research design adopted for this cross-sectional study with a youth sample size of 584. The tool used for the study was the General Health Questionnaire Scale (GHQ-12), and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). The result shows that (40.4%) of the samples were found to have psychological problems and (14.4%) of the sample with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The study concluded that mental health problems remain serious among the rest of the youth group during a public health emergency.⁶

Makiko Arima et.al (2020) conducted qualitative research with the objective of evaluating the factors associated with psychological distress among medical students during COVID-19. The research design adopted for this study is a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 571 medical students. The tools used for the study are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale [RSES] and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). The result shows that (28.5%) students have a significant degree of psychological distress. The study concluded that self-efficacy and self-esteem were both influential factors for predicting psychological distress during the current COVID-19 pandemic.⁷

Deepak Nathiya et.al (2020) conducted qualitative research with the objective of assessing the mental health of youth groups during COVID-19 on young Indian residents. The research design adopted for this study is a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 684 participants. The tools used for this study are sociodemographic characteristics, and psychological impact assessment through Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. The result shows that youth had moderate to severe stress (37.36%), anxiety (30.89%), and depression (24.63%) respectively. The study concluded that the mental health of youths has been positively affected by economic stressors, physical illness, and changes in daily life. The impact of mental health is more on rural areas than urban areas.⁸

Ivana Gusar et. al (2019) conducted qualitative research with the aim of examining the difference in the mental health of nursing students with regard to previous education and the association between mental health and satisfaction with studying. The sample size is 76 students. The tool used for this study is the MHS-38 Mental Health Inventory and the Mann-Whitney U Test. The result shows that the nursing students with prior vocational education had lower well-being, emotional ties, general positive affect, and higher levels of depression and showed lower life satisfaction scores than students with prior general education. The students with prior vocational education showed higher scores in the mental health inventory which indicates better mental health.⁹

Deepak Sheroun et.al (2020) conducted qualitative research with the objective of assessing the perceived stress and coping strategies amidst the COVID-19 lockdown among B. Sc Nursing students. The research design adopted for this study is a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 427 students. The tool used for this study was demographic data, a Perceived Stress Scale, and a Coping Strategies Scale. The result shows that male students have more perceived stress scores (22.7%) than female students (21.86%). The study concluded that students have moderate levels of perceived stress. Fourth-year nursing students have the highest stress.¹⁰

Nagesh V A, David A Kola (2018) conducted a quantitative study to determine the impact of social networks sites on mental health of female adolescents in Smpu College, Dharwad. Research design adopted for the study was correlation design with sample size of 60 female adolescents. The tool used of the study were demographic variables and self-prepared checklist for assessing the usage social networking sites and mental health. The result shows that 62% female adolescents have good mental health whereas 32% have moderate and 1%have below average mental health. The study concluded that there is no correlation between the usage of society networking sites and mental health.¹¹

Amala S Thomas et al. (2022) conducted a quantitative study with the objective to assess the impact of online education during COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among college students of selected colleges at Kottayam district. The research design adopted for this study is descriptive study with the sample size of 40. The tool used for the study are demographic variable and self-administer questionnaire to assess impact of online education on mental health. The study result reveal that 50% had severe impact, 32.5% had moderate negative impact, 12.5% had mild negative impact and 5% had critical negative impact. The study concluded that online education during covid 19 pandemic had significant impact on mental health among college students.¹²

Kiruthika Selvakumar, Tan Jyy Wei, Premala Krishnan (2022) conducts a quantitative study to evaluate physical activity level, mental health and sedentary behavior of health Sciences student in UTAR during COVID-19. The research design adopted the study is correlational research design with sample size of 258 students. Tool used for this study were Depression Anxiety Stress scale -21 and International physical activity Questionaries. The results shows that health Science students were suffering moderate to extremely severe level of depression, anxiety and stress. Females had a higher prevalence in depression, anxiety and stress. The prevalence of physical activity was higher in female than the males. The study concluded that there is no correlation between physical activity, mental health and sedentary behavior among health Sciences student.¹³

SOURCE: PubMed, Goole scholar YEAR: 2018-2022

CONCLUSION:

From the above reviews, it was concluded that the majority of adolescents exhibited moderate mental health. Healthy habits such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, exercising regularly, developing coping mechanisms and interpersonal skills, and learning to manage emotions can be beneficial for their mental well-being. Yoga asana was effective in improving physical and mental health. The nurse educators and administrators should educate about the yoga asana in improving mental health among youth. School mental health program and special education service could go long way in the outcome of intervening disability and co morbid condition associated with it. Promotion of both preventive and interventional measures, psycho education, campaign on awareness through media and prevention strategy plans and policies for adolescence at risk.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors have no conflict of interest regarding this investigation.

SOURCE OF FUNDING:

Self-funding.

ETHICAL CLEARANCE:

Since it is a concept-based study and does not involve any human samples, ethical clearance is not obtained.

REFERENCES:

1. Kalaipriya Gunasekaran et al., (2022), Assessment of mental health status among adolescents in Puducherry, India-A mixed method studyhttps: //pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 36119339/

2. Swikruti Behera et al., (2021), Mental health status of students pursuing professional training: A questionnaire-based study https ://www .research gate .net/publication /357128083 Mental health status of students pursuing professional training A questionnaire-based study

3. Nithiyashri (2022), Correlation between educational stress and mental health among adolecents. Vol:21 Issue:2 https://ijsrm.humanjournals.com/wp-content/ uploads/ 2022/05/9. Nithiyashri.S-Jayestri-kurushev-A.-Felicia-Chitra.pdf

4. Cheng Guo (2018), Prevalence and correlates of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents BMC Public Health Journal, 18, pg:263http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5133-2

5. Dr.Rajani Senad(2018), A Study of Mental Health among High School Studentshttps://ijip.in/wp-content /uploads/ Articles PDF/article e10e2dc8ce84bd19266d5bba74d 2c93c.pdf

6. Leilei Liang (2020), The objectives to assess the youth mental health after coronavirus (COVID-19). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11126-020-09744-3

7. Makiko Arima et al (2020), Factors associated with the mental health status of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Japan https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347589388_Factors_associated_with_the_mental_health_status_of_medical_students_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_A_cross-sectional_study_in_Japan

8. Deepak Nathiya et al (2020), Mental health problems and impact on youth minds during the COVID-19 outbreak: Cross-sectional (RED-COVID) survey https:// www. shbonweb. com/article.asp?issn=2589-9767; yea r=2020; volume =3; issue=3; spage= 83; epage= 88; aulast =Nathiya

9. Gusar I, Klarin M, Ljubicic M. Mental Health of Nursing Students with Regard to Their Previous Education and Satisfaction with Studying. In CBU International Conference Proceedings 2019 Sep 30 (Vol. 7, pp. 739-745).

10. Sheroun D, Wankhar DD, Devrani A, Lissamma PV, Chatterjee K. A study to assess the perceived stress and coping strategies among B. Sc. nursing students of selected colleges in Pune during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research. 2020 Apr; 5(2):280-8.

11. Nongpiur A, Barman B, Syiem K, Mawiong AM, Anand N, Nune A. A cross-sectional study of the mental health burden among COVID-19 survivors. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2023 Jun 1; 65(6):661-6.

12. Thomas AS, Das A, Alexander A, Arathy KR, Shaji A, Biju B, Mathew L, Simon L, Tomy M, Sabu N, Jose A. A Study to assess the impact of online education during COVID-19 Pandemic on mental health among college students of selected nursing college at Kottayam district. International Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2022; 10(2):165-8.

13. Selvakumar K, Wei TJ, Krishnan P. The levels of physical activity, mental health, and sedentary behaviour of health science students in UTAR during COVID-19 pandemic. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(7):3125-36.

Received on 12.10.2023 Modified on 10.02.2024

Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2024; 12(2):138-141.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2660.2024.00030