INTRODUCTION:

Accidents represent a major epidemic of non-communicable disease in present time. Road traffic accident or injuries are currently 9^th leading cause of death globally and are expected to become the 2^nd leading cause by the year 2020, next to ischemic heart disease.¹

Road traffic accidents are the major cause of death among the person aged 10-25 years (children and young adults)².Teenage is a period of development during which the individual makes transition from childhood to adulthood (13-20 years). It refers to psychological maturation of the individual. Young children do not understand or react to complex traffic situations in the same way as adults. Accident may cause minor to major injuries which leads to impairment or disabilities or death that are usually caused by limb, spinal cord or head injury. Studies from less-motorized countries also report that roadtraffic injury patients can occupy 30–70 percent of orthopedicbeds in hospitals. Road traffic injuries are also a major causeof orthopedic and mental disabilities³. Now a day’s teenagers are having attitude of risk taking behavior. They are riding bike without license and wit out using helmet. Some of them also are showing stunts and thrills of speed. These age groups are riding the bike without awareness of traffic rule and regulations. There is also some evidence from studies that drivers who use mobile telephones while driving face a risk of crash four times higher than those who do not use them.⁴

Creating an awareness regarding the road safety and prevention of accidents will reduce the morbidity and mortality related to accidents and save more lives, which is more cost effective and feasible intervention.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the knowledge of two wheeler teenage riders regarding road safety measures and prevention of accidents.

2. To assess attitude of two wheeler teenage riders regarding road safety measures and prevention of accident.

3. To find out the relationship between the knowledge and attitude of two wheeler teenage riders regarding road safety measures and prevention of accident.

4. To find out the association between the knowledge and attitude of two wheeler teenage riders with selected demographic variables.

5. To develop an information booklet regarding road safety measures and prevention of accidents.

METHODOLOGY:

Research approach:

A descriptive approach is used for gaining pertinent and precise information about an existing situation.

Research Design:

Non experimental research design

Sample:

100 teenage two-wheeler riders’ students

Sampling technique:

Probability Purposive sampling technique sampling

Setting of study:

The setting of the present study was selected Schools and Pre University Colleges in Jaipur (Raj.).

Reliability of tool:

The reliability was calculated by using correlation coefficient method (r=0.66) for knowledge and (r=0.79) for attitude, the reliability confirmed by investigator.

Data collection:

The ethical clearance was obtained from the principals of selected schools and pre university colleges. The purpose of the study was explained and written consent taken from every teenage two wheeler rider’s. Data collection for knowledge assessment used knowledge questionnaire and for the attitude assessment used five points Likert’s scle.

RESULTS:

Demographic characteristics of participants:

Table-1 Demographic characteristics of participants N=100

Characteristics	Category	Respondents
Characteristics	Category	Number	Percent
Age group (years)	13-14	24	24.0
	15-16	41	41.0
	17-18	35	35.0
Gender	Male	57	57.0
Gender	Female	43	43.0
Educational status	High school	50	50.0
Educational status	PUC	50	50.0
Have You or family members or friends experienced Road traffic accidents?	Yes	42	42.0
	No	58	58.0
Relationship	Self	22	22.0
	Family members	19	19.0
	Friends	1	1.0
Witnessed road traffic accidents	Yes	25	25.0
	No	75	75.0
Response on Witnessing a road accident	Stood watching	2	2.0
	Helped the victim to get medical aid	9	9.0
	Informed the police and helped to get medical aid	14	14.0
Source of Information News papers	55	55.0	55.0
Magazines	37	37.0	37.0
Television	71	71.0	71.0
Radio	22	22.0	22.0
Friends	31	31.0	31.0
Neighbors	27	27.0	27.0
Family members	36	36.0	36.0
Relatives	9	9.0	9.0

Table-1 representing the demographic characteristics of participants that majority of 41.00% teenage two wheeler riders was 15-16 years old. In gender majority of 57.00% teenage was male. According to educational status 50.00% was in high school and 50.00% teenage was in PUC. 42.00% teenage have or their family members experienced road traffic accidents. From them 22.00% teenage experienced road accident self. 75.00% teenage was not witnessed of any road traffic accident those were witnessed 14.00% informed the police and helped to get medical aid them. In the source of information 71.00% teenage two wheeler rider’s get the information from television.

Knowledge and attitude level of participants

Table- 2 Aspect wise mean Knowledge scores of Respondents on Road safety measures and prevention of accidents. N=100

No.	Knowledge Aspects	Max. Score	Respondents Knowledge
No.	Knowledge Aspects	Max. Score	Mean	Mean (%)	SD (%)
I	General aspect of road traffic accidents	6	4.45	74.2	16.6
II	Causes and factor related to the road accidents	5	2.71	54.2	18.7
III	Effects of road traffic accidents	2	1.63	81.5	25.3
IV	Rules and regulation for road safety	8	6.44	80.5	11.1
V	Traffic signs and signals	9	5.35	59.4	17.4
VI	Preventive aspects of road traffic accidents and safety measures	11	8.58	78.0	14.7
VII	First aid measure for victim of accidents	6	3.74	62.3	22.4
	Overall	46	32.92	71.5	7.8

Table -2 depict the highest mean percentage 81.5% in the area effects of road traffic accidents and the lowest mean percentage 54.2% was in cause and factors related to the road accidents. The overall knowledge mean percentage was 71.5% regarding road safety measure and prevention of accidents among the teenage two wheeler rider’s.

Table-3 knowledge level of the teenage two wheeler rider’s on road safety measure and prevention of accidents. N=100

Knowledge level	Category	Respondents
Knowledge level	Category	Number	Percent
Inadequate	Below 50 % Score	0	0.0
Moderate	51-75 % Score	59	59.0
Adequate	Above 75 % Score	41	41.0
Total		100	100.0

Fig. 1Bar diagram representing the frequency percentage distribution of respondent on knowledge regarding road safety measure and prevention of accidents

The table -3 and Fig 1 showed that majority (59.0 percent) of the respondents had moderate knowledge, and only 41 percent of the respondents had adequate knowledge on Road safety measures and prevention of accidents.

Table -4 Attitude levels of Respondents on Road safety measures and prevention of accidents N=100

Attitude level	Category	Respondents
Attitude level	Category	Number	Percent
Unfavorable	Below 50 % Score	0	0.0
Moderately favorable	51-75 % Score	70	70.0
Favorable	Above 75 % Score	30	30.0
Total		100	100.0

Fig-2 Pyramid diagram showing the frequency percentage distribution of teenage two wheeler rider’s attitude on road safety measure and prevention of road accidents

Table- 4 and fig. 2 depict that majority (70.00%) of the respondents had moderately favorable attitude, and only 30.00% of the respondents had the favorable attitude towards road safety measures and prevention of accidents.

Table -5 relationship between Knowledge and Attitude on Road safety measures and prevention of accidents N=100

Aspects	Max. Score	Respondents Response			Correlation coefficient ( r)
Aspects	Max. Score	Mean	Mean (%)	SD (%)	Correlation coefficient ( r)
Knowledge	46	32.9	71.52	7.8	+ 0.314*
Attitude	80	56.63	70.79	7.2	+ 0.314*

Table -5 showed, the mean percentage of the knowledge (71.52%) is higher than the mean percentage of the attitude (70.79%). The correlation found between the knowledge and attitude is +0.314. It is a positive correlation between the knowledge and attitude of the respondent on the Road safety measures and prevention of accidents.

Findings related to relationship between the demographic characteristics and knowledge and attitude level of respondent:

In relationship with demographic variables and knowledge levels of teenage two wheeler riders, found a significant relationship between the witnessing of road accidents and knowledge level of participants. There was no relationship between others demographic variable and knowledge level of participants.

Regarding the relationship between the demographic variables and attitude level of teenage two wheeler riders, found a significant relationship between age and attitude level of participants. Others variables were not significantly associated with attitude level.

DISCUSSION:

Overall, I found that knowledge of the teenage two wheeler riders on road safety measures and prevention of accidents was moderate (59.00%) whereas the attitude was also moderately favorable 70.00%. There was a positive correlation between the attitude and knowledge. It means whenever knowledge will increase regarding road safety measure and prevention of road accidents attitude also will be favorable.

CONCLUSION:

This study concluded that the teenage two wheeler riders had a moderate level of knowledge and moderately favorable attitude towards the road safety measure and prevention of road accidents. Therefore, there is need to improve the knowledge and attitude of teenage through the education and mass media and health teaching. So at the end of this study I distribute an information booklet on road safety measure and prevention of road accidents. Through this we can minimize the numbers of road accidents and can create an awareness regarding road safety measure and prevention of accidents.

REFERENCES:

1. Park K. Park’s text book of Preventive and Social Medicine, K., 19^th ed.; Jabalpur:M/s Banarasidas Bhanot; 2007. p. 340-42.

2. Pavan B.C., Meghna N., Deepika R., Shailendra Z., Pttanaik D., Meundi A.D, Saldnha. Study on understanding some factors associated with road traffic accidents. Indian Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 2005 Jul-Dec;36 (3). p. 87-101.

3. Sudhir, Sameera. Jaipur: silicon city or black city, Available at: http://www.arrivesafe.org

4. Shudhir., Simpson H., Nayak Patel., D.C. Khatri., Aggressive driving: A survey of attitudes, opinion and behaviors, Journal of safety research, 2008: vol39, issue 4: p. 351-448

Received on 07.05.2018 Modified on 11.07.2018

Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2018; 6(4):367-370.

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2660.2018.00089.3